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'''Fort Howe''' (1777-1819) - A Colonial post established in 1777 during the [[Revolutionary War]] by Brigade Major [[Gilfrid Studholme]] in present day Saint John, Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. Named for Lieutenant General Sir [[William Howe]] then commander of British forces in North America. Refurbished and regarrisoned during the [[War of 1812]]. Destroyed by fire and abandoned in 1819.
<gallery>
File:Fort Howe Guns - 1.jpg|Fort Howe Cannon Overlooking the City
File:Fort Howe Blockhouse - 06.jpg|Fort Howe Rebuilt Blockhouse
File:Fort Howe Monument - 5.jpg|Fort Howe Monument on the Site of the Original Blockhouse Overlooking Saint John Harbor
</gallery>
== History ==
[[File:Fort Howe Guns - 5.jpg|thumb|left|200px|World War II Howitzer Displayed at Fort Howe]]
Established in 1777 during the [[Revolutionary War]] by Brigade Major [[Gilfrid Studholme]] and a detachment of soldiers on a hill overlooking the Saint John Harbor and the mouth of the Saint John River. The selected site overlooked the sites of previous fortifications ([[Fort La Tour]] and [[Fort Frederick (New Brunswick)]]) and provide a sweeping view of the town and the harbor. At the end of the [[Revolutionary War]] Saint John attracted Loyalist driven from the United States and the town expanded.

The fort was originally built out with a prefabricated blockhouse and armed with four 6 pounder cannons. The post was expanded in 1778 to include another blockhouse, a separate barracks and eight additional cannons. A stone magazine was added later at the base of the hill. The fort deteriorated after the [[Revolutionary War]] but was refurbished and regarrisoned during the [[War of 1812]].

The fort was destroyed by fire in 1819 and the property was sold off at public auction in 1823. The site continued in intermittent use and remained a military reservation until 1914. The site housed an anti-aircraft battery during [[World War II]].

The Fort Howe site became Fort Howe National Park on 30 Mar 1914 but was returned to the City of Saint John in 1930 and ceased to be a national park. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1966 but did not rejoin the national park system and it remains a city park.

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== Current Status ==
[[File:Fort Howe Monument - 2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fort Howe Memorial Plaque]]
Part of Fort Howe City Park in Saint John, Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. A Canadian National Historic Site. The site of the original blockhouse is marked with a stone monument fitted with four plaques, three of which commemorate the fort, the Indian treaty of 1778 and Major [[Gilfrid Studholme]]. The fourth plaque is blank. A fantastic view of the city and harbor.

A 1967 reproduction blockhouse is located nearby on the same ridge. Several display guns are located by the blockhouse including two period guns and a [[World War II]] howitzer. The blockhouse was not open during our visit.

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{{#display_map:
45.27690,-66.07191~ Fort Howe }}
{{Location|Fort Howe City Park in Saint John, Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada.|45.27690|-66.07191}}

'''Sources:'''

'''Links:'''
* [http://www.northamericanforts.com/Canada/nb3.html#stjohn North American Forts - Fort Howe]
* [http://www.unb.ca/nbmhp/counties/SJCity.html New Brunswick Military Heritage Project - Fort Howe]
* [http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=13001 Canada's Historic Places - Fort Howe]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Howe Wikipedia - Fort Howe]

{{Visited|13-20 Jun 2013}}

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[[Category:All]]
[[Category:New Brunswick All]]
[[Category:New Brunswick Forts]]
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[[Category:2013 Research Trip]]
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[[Category:Canadian Forts]]
[[Category:Display Gun]]
[[Category:Coastal Forts]]
[[Category:Harbor Defense of Saint John]]
[[Category:Revolutionary War Forts]]
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Fort Howe (New Brunswick) - Revision history

John Bray: Bot: Automated import of articles *** existing text overwritten ***

John Bray: Bot: Automated import of articles

John Bray: Bot: Automated import of articles * existing text overwritten *