View source for Fort Fisher Air Force Station

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (1955-1988) - A [[Cold War]] Air Force Radar Station first established in 1955 near Kure Beach, New Hanover County, North Carolina. Named Fort Fisher Air Force Station after the location. Initially assigned a Permanent ID of '''M-115''', later a Sage ID of '''Z-115''' and a JSS ID of '''J-02'''. Abandoned in 1988 and part turned over to the FAA with the remainder being used by the Fort Fisher Recreation Center and the North Carolina National Guard. The FAA area is now known as [[Fort Fisher FAA Radar Site]] with an FAA ID of '''QGV'''.

{|{{FWpicframe}}
|- valign="top"
|width="50%"|[[File:Ft Fisher AFS Rec Hall.jpg|350px|thumb|left|Former Fort FisherAFS Recreation Hall.]]
|width="50%"|[[File:Ft Fisher AFS Barracks Area.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Former Fort Fisher AFS Barracks Area]]
|-
|colspan="2"|[[File:Ft Fisher AFS Ops Area.jpg|795px|thumb|center|Former Fort Fisher AFS Operations Area, Power House on Left, Operations Bldg. Center, Security Gatehouse on Right.]]
|}

== History ==
Established on 1 Aug 1955 and became operational in 1955 as Fort Fisher Air Force Station manned by the 701st AC&W Squadron. The station initially had both a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and early warning mission. The early warning mission involved tracking and identifying all aircraft entering their airspace while the GCI mission involved guiding Air Force interceptors to any identified enemy aircraft. Controllers at the station vectored fighter aircraft at the correct course and speed to intercept enemy aircraft using voice commands via ground-to-air radio.

Initial equipment included the [[MPS-7]] search radar and an [[MPS-8]] height-finder radar. 
== [[SAGE System]] Transition ==
{{SageTransition}}
== [[SAGE System]] Operation ==
[[File:Fort Lee SAGE Blockhouse.jpg|795px|thumb|center|Former Fort Lee SAGE Direction Center]]
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" align="center"
|+ Fort Fisher AFS Direction Centers & Sectors
|-
! Assigned
! Direction Center
! Sector
|-
| 1 Dec 1953 - 1 Mar 1956 || [[Dobbins Manual Direction Center M-87]] || 35th Air Division
|-
| 1 Mar 1956 - 1 Sep 1958 || [[Andrews Manual Direction Center SM-171]] || 85th Air Division
|-
| 1 Sep 1958 - 15 Nov 1958 || [[Dobbins Manual Direction Center M-87]] || 35th Air Division
|-
| 15 Nov 1958 - 1 Jul 1961 || [[Syracuse Manual Direction Center P-05]] || 32nd Air Division
|-
| 1 Jul 1961 - 1 Apr 1966 || [[Fort Lee SAGE Direction Center DC-04]] || Washington Air Defense Sector
|-
| 1 Apr 1966 - 19 Nov 1969 || [[Fort Lee SAGE Direction Center DC-04]] || 33rd Air Division
|-
| 19 Nov 1969 - 1 Mar 1983 || [[Fort Lee SAGE Direction Center DC-04]] || 20th Air Division
|-
| 1 Mar 1983 - 30 Jun 1988 || [[SEADS Sector Operations Control Center]] || SouthEast Air Defense Sector
|}

The site began operation as a SAGE site in 1961 initially feeding the [[Fort Lee SAGE Direction Center DC-04]]. The search radar was upgraded to an [[FPS-7|FPS-7C]] and an [[FPS-26|FPS-26A]] height-finder radar was installed. The FPS-26A later became an [[FSS-7]] SLBM detecting radar operated by Det 5, 14 MWS. The FPS-7C was later modified to become an [[FPS-107|FPS-107V]]
== Gap Filler Radars ==
Fort Fisher AFS was responsible for the maintenance of three remote unattended gap-filler radar sites. {{GapFillerCommon}} The Fort Fisher AFS gap-filler radars were located at Myrtle Beach SC, Fort Bragg NC, and Holly Ridge NC.
{{FortFisherAFSGFS}}

== [[BUIC System]] ==
Fort Fisher AFS became a BUIC I GCI site on 15 Jan 1963. It was selected as a BUIC III site and became the first operational BUIC III site. In 1970 the 701st Radar Squadron (SAGE) became the 701st Air Defense Group (BUIC). The BUIC III system provided a backup for a SAGE direction center and provided the ability to display sector-wide radar data on consoles for local weapons controllers. The system duplicated the functionality of the vacuum tube direction center computers with the more up-to-date [[GSA-51]] computer system and replaced the [[FST-2]] with a more up-to-date coordinate data transmitter, the [[FYQ-47]]. As the threat from a Soviet bomber fleet lessened the decision came to mothball the BUIC system in 1974. 
== Closure ==
Fort Fisher AFS and the 701st were deactivated on 30 Jun 1988.

== [[Fort Fisher FAA Radar Site]] ==
Upon deactivation, the FAA assumed operation of a part of the old Fort Fisher AFS as JSS site J-02 and [[Fort Fisher FAA Radar Site]]. An [[FPS-91|FPS-91A]] search radar was installed in the old FPS-26A /FSS-7 tower. A [[FPS-116]] height-finder had been installed in the [[FPS-107]] tower until it was retired about 1988. It is not known if the [[FYQ-47]] common digitizer was changed out for a [[CD-2]] Common Digitizer. The original site was deactivated altogether when a new [[ARSR-4]] radar was installed and commissioned at the former GATR site. The new ARSR-4 site was in place by February 1998 (as shown in historical satellite photos). The ARSR-4 and an ATCBI-6M Beacon set are now in operation at the FAA Radar Site.

{{DecodeARTCCID|FAAID=ZDC}}

== Physical Plant ==
[[File:Fort Fisher Plan Map V2.png|thumb|center|800px|Fort Fisher Air Force Station Composite Plan & Map Overlay.]]
The physical plant of the site was divided into the main operations site, a cantonment area, a housing area, a trailer park, and a radio site. The main operations site housed the operations buildings, the radar towers, and the backup generators. The cantonment area housed the enlisted barracks, the bachelor officer's quarters, the orderly room, the dining hall, the motor pool, a post exchange, a small commissary, and other support buildings. Apart from the main site was a small 27 unit housing area for critical married personnel and an adjacent 23 unit trailer park. There were also some 26 leased government quarters in Wilmington and Carolina Beach. A separate Ground to Air Transmitter/Receiver (GATR) radio site housed the radio equipment for directing aircraft intercepts. The GATR site is now the location of the FAA [[ARSR-4]] radar site known as [[Fort Fisher FAA Radar Site]].

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{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
|+ Fort Fisher AFS Major Equipment List
|-
!Search Radar
!HF Radar
!Data Systems
!Scopes
!Comm
!IFF/SIF/Beacon
|-
| valign="top" |
* [[MPS-7]]
* [[FPS-7|FPS-7C]]
* [[FPS-107|FPS-107V]]
* [[FPS-91|FPS-91A]] (FAA)
* [[ARSR-4]] (FAA)
| valign="top" |
* [[MPS-8]]
* [[MPS-14]]
* [[FPS-26|FPS-26A]]
* [[FSS-7]] (SLBM)
* [[FPS-116]] (JSS)
| valign="top" |
* [[FST-2|FST-2/A/B]]
* [[FYQ-47]]   <!--BUIC Sites-->
* [[GSA-51]]   <!--BUIC Sites-->
| valign="top" |
* [[GPA-127]]
| valign="top" |
* Single Chan (12)
* Multi Chan (1)
* [[KWT-3]] (3)
* [[GKA-5]] (1)
| valign="top" |
* [[UPX-14]]
* [[GPA-124]]
* [[ATCBI-6|ATCBI-6M]] (FAA)
|}

{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
|+ Unit Designations
|-
|
* 701st Aircraft Control & Warning (AC&W) Squadron (1953-1962)
* 701st Radar Squadron (SAGE) (1962-1970)
* 701st Air Defense Group (1970-1974)
* 701st Radar Squadron (1974-1979)
* 701st Radar Squadron (TAC) (1979-1988)
|  valign="top" |
* Det 5, 14 MWS
|}

{| class="wikitable"  width="100%"
|+ 701st Assignments
|-
|
* 1 Dec 1953  - Activated as '''701st Aircraft Control & Warning (AC&W) Squadron''' at Dobbins AFB, GA.
* 1 Dec 1953  - Assigned to 35th AD.
* September 1955  - Moved to Fort Fisher Air Force Station
* 1 Mar 1956 - Assigned to 85th AD.
* 1 Sep 1958 - Assigned to 35th AD.
* 15 Nov 1958 - Assigned to 32nd AD.
* 1 Jul 1961 - Assigned to Washington ADS.
* 1 Jul 1962  - Redesignated as '''701st Radar Squadron (SAGE)'''.
* 1 Apr 1966 - Assigned to 33rd AD.
* 19 Nov 1969 - Assigned to 20th AD.
* 1 Mar 1970  - Redesignated as '''701st Air Defense Group'''.
* 1 Mar 1970 - Assigned to 20th AD.
* 1 Jan 1974  - Redesignated as '''701st Radar Squadron'''.
* 1979 - Redesignated as '''701st Radar Squadron (TAC)'''.
* 1 Mar 1983 - Assigned SE ADS.
* 30 Jun 1988 - Deactivated.
|}
<!--{{Fort FisherAFSCmdrs}}-->

== Current Status ==
[[File:Ft Fisher N Carolina Mil Hist Museum.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Former Fort Fisher Bowling Alley, now North Carolina Military History Museum.]]
[[File:Ft Fisher AFS RV Park-Housing.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Former Fort Fisher Family Housing (right) and Trailer Park (left).]]
Abandoned as a radar site and now part of the Fort Fisher Air Force Recreation Area in Kure Beach, New Hanover County, North Carolina. Many of the original radar site buildings remain, some are in use by the North Carolina National Guard as a training center and the remainder is connected to the recreation area. 

In the old operations area, the operations building, the powerhouse and the security building remain but all signs of the three radar towers are gone. In the cantonment area, the Rec Hall, C-E Maintenance, two dorms, the Dining Hall, BOQ, Supply, and the Commissary buildings remain but some have been significantly altered, upgraded and repurposed. 

The old two-lane bowling alley is now a museum. The two enlisted dorms have been extensively changed or perhaps rebuilt and have a motel look with exterior entrances to individual rooms. Gone are the HQ building and the BX building. The BOQ building is now known as the "River Marsh" building.

The original housing area was built in two phases like most AC&W sites with the original 9 units south of Riverfront Road and the later 18 units north of River Front Road. The older set of 9 remains as they were built but updated, the later set of 18 has been replaced with beach type cottages.

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{{FortFisherAFSStructures}}

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{|
|
<googlemap version="0.9" lat="33.985019" lon="-77.915572" zoom="15" width="-500" height="-500" scale="yes" overview="yes" controls="large" icons="http://www.fortwiki.com/mapicons/icon{label}.png">
(O) 33.98066, -77.91701, Operations
(R) 33.98034, -77.91727, FPS-7
(C) 33.98051, -77.91854, Cantonment Area
(H) 33.98194, -77.91278, Housing Area
(T) 33.98213, -77.91420, Trailer Park
(G) 33.99033, -77.91870, GATR Site
(R) 33.99029, -77.91782, FAA ARSR-4
</googlemap>
|valign="top"|
'''Location:''' Kure Beach, New Hanover County, North Carolina.

{{Mapit-US-cityscale|33.98066|-77.91701}}
* Elevation: 13'

|valign="top"|
<br>
'''GPS Locations:'''
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.98066|Lon=-77.91701}} Operations
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.98034|Lon=-77.91727}} FPS-7
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.98051|Lon=-77.91854}} Cantonment Area
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.98194|Lon=-77.91278}} Housing Area
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.98213|Lon=-77.91420}} Trailer Park
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.99033|Lon=-77.91870}} GATR Site
* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=33.99029|Lon=-77.91782}} FAA ARSR-4
|}

'''See Also:'''
* [[SAGE System]]
* [[BUIC System]]
* [[JSS System]]
* [[Permanent System Radar Sites]]
* [[US Radar Sets]]
* [[Fort Lee SAGE Direction Center DC-04]]
* [[Fort Fisher (2)|Fort Fisher]]
* [[Washington DC ARTCC]]

'''Sources:''' 
* {{Cornett}}, page 86, 162.  <!--ADC Organization-->
* {{Winkler}}, page 144.  <!--Searching the skies-->
* {{NORAD1966HistoryBUIC}}  <!--BUIC II Implementations-->
{{FAA-CommonSitePrograms}}
* {{ADATC1982}}, page 33.

'''Links:''' 
* [[Bad Links]] /cgi-bin/museum/acwinfo2x.cgi?site=%22Fort+Fisher+AFS,+NC%22&key=FortFisherAFSNC&pic=FortFisherAFSNC&doc=FortFisherAFSNC&www=FortFisherAFSNC Fort Fisher Air Force Station]
* [http://ftfishermilrec.com Fort Fisher Rec Area]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Fisher_Air_Force_Station Wikipedia - Fort Fisher Air Force Station]

{{Visited|16 Mar 2016}}

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