[[File:GPA-23 Console.png|thumb|right|350px|GPA-23 Console, Capable of Controlling Six Intercepts.]]
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Revision as of 12:41, 5 October 2015
GPA-37 Course Directing Group - A Weapons Directing Analog Computer system built by General Electric Corporation, Heavy Military Electronic Equipment Department. Established at ten Air Force long-range radar sites in the late 1950s to automate the manual Ground Control Intercept (GCI) mission against Soviet Manned Bomber attacks. An eleventh system was established at Keesler, Air Force Base for training. The GPA-37 was meant as an interim system at most radar sites and was meant to be removed soon after the FST-2 went SAGE operational on a site.
Post SAGE Implementation
The implementation of the SAGE system brought fears that the loss of one or two Direction Centers could open up wide expanses of the country to attack and a number of Radar stations were selected to receive the GPA-37s as a backup system. From the Jan-Jun 1961 NORAD/CONAD History:
When work on a plan for emergency backup to SAGE was begun in mid-1960, NORAD asked USAF ADC to put a freeze order on the scheduled release of GPA-37's to the ground stations. This manual control equipment would be needed in the expanded Mode III operation:
Following the November 1960 meeting of NORAD region and headquarters officers on the backup plan, NORAD trimmed its requirement to 16 stations, thus enabling GEEIA to begin removal of GPA-37's where they were not needed. At the same time, NORAD asked that GPA-37's be re-installed in two stations. Additional guidance was provided the regions in early 1961 on the retaining of plotting boards, air ground transceivers, and other manual equipment.
In May 1961, USAF ADC recommended that the GPA-37 program be reduced to GPA-23's. NORAD's initial reaction was to disagree, and to insist that the original program now incorporated in the 10 April Manual Backup Plan be adhered to. However, subsequent strong assurance by ADC that the GPA-23 proposal would afford equal operational capability at considerably less expense, changed HORAD's point of view. On 29 June, NORAD concurred in the substitution of the GPA- 23's for the GPA-37's.
Note: * NCC-MM Indicates a GPA-37 within a NORAD Control Center co-located with U.S. Army Missile Master Center (NIKE). * Name in notes indicates person who worked on GPA-37 on this site.
GPA-37 Course Directing Weapons Directing
Element
Value
Notes
Nomenclature
GPA-37
Manufacturer
General Electric Corporation, Heavy Military Electronic Equipment Department
Type
Course Directing
Number Made
Introduced
GPA-23 Console, Capable of Controlling Six Intercepts.
Winkler, David F., Searching the Skies: the Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program, USAF Hq Air Combat Command, 1997, 192 pages, Pdf
