Harpers Ferry Arsenal and Armory

Harpers Ferry Arsenal and Armory (1795-1862) - First established in 1795 by the order of President George Washington, at Harpers Ferry in Jefferson County, West Virginia. Destroyed and abandoned in 1862 during the U.S. Civil War. Also known as the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

Harpers Ferry Arsenal and Armory History

Federal Harpers Ferry facility contained both an armory and an arsenal. The armory manufactured and stored small arms while the arsenal stored and issued small and large caliber weapons to the armed forces.

The arsenal portion of the facility was contained in two brick buildings at the entrance to the armory. The armory was a whole series of manufacturing buildings lining the Armory Canal. The Armory Canal provided the water power needed to power the small arms manufacturing machinery. The Harpers Ferry armory was a early adopter of machines that manufactured interchangeable parts and that significantly sped up the production of finished guns. John Hall developed the process at Harpers Ferry in 1819 and boasted that "one boy by the aid of these machines can perform more work than ten men."

Meriwether Lewis visited the armory in 1803 to get arms for the Journey of Discovery across America and to investigate the possibility of constructing an iron framed collapsible boat for the journey. The boat was built but failed when they tried to put it into use on the trip.

In the run-up to the U.S. Civil War the first attack on Harpers Ferry came from the abolitionist John Brown and his followers on 16 Oct 1859. Brown made a stand in the armory fire house now referred to as John Brown's Fort. He was captured by U.S. Marines and convicted of murder, treason and rebellion and hung on 2 Dec 1859.

Current Status

Part of the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, West Virginia.

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Location: Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, West Virginia.

Maps & Images

Lat: 39.3241893 Long: -77.7306104

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Sources:

Roberts, Robert B., Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States, Macmillan, New York, 1988, 10th printing, ISBN 0-02-926880-X, page 843-844

Links:

Visited: 5 Aug 2010