Fort Jackson (2)

Fort Jackson (2) (1832-1922) - A Third System Coastal Fort first established in 1832 on the Mississippi River at Plaquemines Bend, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. Named after General Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States. Abandoned in 1922. Fort Jackson Sallyport. Fort Jackson Wall. Fort Jackson Sallyport and Bastion View. Third System (1816-1867) Part of the Harbor Defense of the Mississippi. Defended Plaquemines Bend on the Mississippi River. Fort Jackson Original Plan Construction of the Third System fort began in 1822 and was completed in 1832 at a cost of $ 554,500. The fort was built on a foundation of three layers of cypress logs topped by cypress 2x4s submerged underwater. The fort walls are of red brick, twenty-five feet high, twenty feet thick, with granite reinforced gun foundations. The fort layout is in the shape of a regular pentagon with arrow-shaped bastions on each point. In the center was a 10 sided open center citadel that would reportedly house 500 troops. By the U.S. Civil War a separate water battery had been built on the right flank of the fort. U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) After 1862 Battle Map Showing Battle Damage On 8 Jan 1861, just before the start of the U.S. Civil War, Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip were seized from their Federal garrisons by Louisiana forces. Louisiana troops occupied both Fort St. Philip and Fort Jackson until an epic battle with Union Admiral David Farragut's fleet of gunboats in April 1862 at Plaquemines Bend. Farragut's mission was to seize control of the Mississippi and split the Confederacy in two. In April 1862 Farragut's fleet engaged both forts and attempted to destroy them with a six-day bombardment. The bombardment failed to destroy the forts and Farragut was forced to make a run past both forts with 17 wooden ships at 2 AM on 24 Apr 1862. In the ensuing Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, 13 of the ships made it past the forts, and Farragut went on to New Orleans which surrendered to him on 29 Apr 1862. Both forts gave a good account of themselves and in the end it was probably the lack of enough cannon that enabled the fleet to get by. Fort Jackson was designed for 93 gun emplacements but had only 69 guns emplaced while Fort St. Philip had only 45 guns. The Union gunboats were able to send a total of 8,100 rounds against both forts. Both forts were surrendered to Union forces on 28 Apr 1862 and then garrisoned by them until the end of the war. During the Battle, the central citadel caught fire, and after the Battle, the burned-out shell was pulled down leaving the parade empty until Battery Ransom was built on it in 1898. Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. Fort St. Phillip is shown at right and Fort Jackson at left. Endicott Period (1890-1910) Construction began on the first of two Endicott Period gun batteries in 1898 and both of them were constructed within the boundaries of the old fort. Battery Ransom was built right onto the parade and Battery Millar was built on top of the earthworks on the left flank. Both batteries were completed by 1901. Fort Jackson was operated as a subpost of Fort St. Philip and had only quarters for caretakers and no support buildings. Fort Jackson Endicott Period Battery (edit list) Battery Click on Battery links below No. Caliber Type Mount Service Years Battery Cost Notes Battery Ransom 2 8" Disappearing 1898-1899-1899-1918 $ 150,000 Battery Millar 2 3" Balanced Pillar 1899-1900-1901-1920 $ 22,868 Source: CDSG Fort Jackson Plan World War I (1917-1918) Fort Jackson was used as a training base during World War I. The use of Fort St. Philip and Fort Jackson for coast defense purposes was discontinued on 11 Mar 1920 as a part of the postwar disarmament program. The remaining gun batteries were disarmed and the guns shipped out over the next year and by 1922 both posts were abandoned. Fort Jackson was declared surplus in 1927 and was purchased by a New Orleans couple, they donated it to Plaquemines Parish in 1962 and it is still owned by the Parish. In 1960 Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip were designated National Historic Landmarks. Current Status The old fort was closed to the public after being damaged by Hurricane Katrina and Rita but it reopened to the public in January 2011. Subsequent hurricanes have caused the brick fort structure itself to be closed with a locked iron gate across the sallyport. The surrounding Fort Jackson Park is usually open but parts may be flooded at times. In that surrounding park, the Endicott Period Battery Millar can be accessed as well as the U.S. Civil War Water Battery but there are no period guns or carriages in place. Within the Water Battery, you can see the individual magazines as well as some of the Civil War pintal gun mounts. There is a Fort Jackson Museum located at 220 Herbert Harvey Drive, Buras, Louisiana. 2021 Update: The Plaquemines Parish Public Information Officer indicates that the fort is not structurally sound and is closed to the public at this time. An on-site visit to the park on 2 Nov 2021 found the fort sally port entrance open and accessible. Inside the fort, most of the interior tunnel entrances and casemate entrances were blocked by low fences. The parade was mowed and dry and the parapet level was accessible by the staircases. Most of Battery Ransom is viewable but interior access is blocked by low fences. The Fort Jackson Museum and Visitor Center is open Monday-Friday 8-4. The Museum's address is 220 Herbert Harvey Drive, Buras, LA 70041. {"selectable":false,"height":"-500","width":"-500"} Location: Fort Jackson Park near Triumph, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. Maps & Images Lat: 29.356668 Long: -89.455447 Multi Maps from ACME Maps from Bing Maps from Google Elevation: -3' GPS Locations: 29.35667, -89.45545 Fort Jackson (2) 29.35696, -89.45537 Battery Ransom 29.35719, -89.45678 Battery Millar 29.35607, -89.45323 Water Battery See Also: Spanish American War Emergency 8-Inch Seacoast Batteries Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip Sources: Roberts, Robert B., Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States, Macmillan, New York, 1988, 10th printing, ISBN 0-02-926880-X, page 339-341 Weaver, John R. II, A Legacy in Brick and Stone: America Coastal Defense Forts of the Third System, Redoubt Press, McLean, 2001, First Printing, ISBN 1-57510-069-X, page 179-196 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Database Entry: 541094 Links: North American Forts - Fort Jackson CDSG Visited: 2 Nov 2021, 9 Dec 2009 Interior Fort Jackson Walking Tour Museum Display. Exterior Fort Jackson Walking Tour Museum Display. Picture Gallery Fort Jackson Entrance Fort Jackson Ditch Fort Jackson Wall Fort Jackson Gun Mount Fort Jackson Bastion Fort Jackson Water Battery Fort Jackson Water Battery Magazine Fort Jackson Water Battery Magazine Roof Fort Jackson Outer Gun Line