Battery Russell

Battery Russell (1904-1944) - Battery Russell was built at Fort Stevens between Mar 1903 and Aug 1904 and was transferred for service on 12 Aug 1904 at a cost of $125,000. Battery Russell was named for Bvt. Major General David A. Russell, was killed in action on 19 Sep 1864 at Opequan, Virginia, during the U.S. Civil War (earlier in his career he served as commander of Fort Yamhill). Battery Russell was deactivated on 29 Dec 1944 upon completion of Battery 245. Battery Russell Lower Ammunition Bunker and Quarters 18 May 2008 Battery Russell Emplacement #2 18 May 2008 Battery Russell Full View 13 Jul 2023 Endicott Period (1890-1910) Part of the Harbor Defense of the Columbia. A concrete Endicott Period battery facing the Pacific Ocean with two, 10" M1900 rifles on M1901 disappearing carriages was completed in 1904. The gun carriages were installed and in place in Dec 1905 but the two 10" rifles did not reach Fort Stevens until 20 Sep 1907. The 30-ton gun barrels were transported to the Battery by rail cars and mounted by artillery troops in Nov 1907. Initially, the planners wanted the battery to have 12" rifles because they thought that with the battery facing the Pacific Ocean, it would have been wiser for the battery to have a greater range. But the battery was already under construction, and it was too late to make the change. Battery Russell supplemented the fire of Battery Mishler and when that Battery was inactivated in 1918, Battery Russell was used as a practice battery for regular and National Guard artillery units. World War II (1941-1945) Battery Russell was slated to be replaced by eight 12" mortars mounted on railway carriages as World War II approached. At the onset of World War II, the mortars were shipped elsewhere and Battery Russell was activated from 31 Jul 1941 to 29 Dec 1944. The decision to deactivate Battery Russell was made after the completion of Battery 245 just west of the deactivated Battery Mishler. Fort Stevens (1) and Battery Russell had the distinction of being the only stateside installation attacked by enemy forces since the war of 1812 when a Japanese submarine I-25 fired 17 shells close to Battery Russell. The Battery did not return the fire because the submarine was out of range of its older guns. The submarine left without inflicting any damage. Battery Russell Armament (edit list) Empl No Caliber Type Barrel Length Model Serial No Manufacturer Carriage Service Dates Notes 1 10" Rifle 35' M1900 11 Watervliet Disappearing, M1901, #4, Watertown 1907-1944 2 10" Rifle 35' M1900 4 Watervliet Disappearing, M1901, #5, Watertown 1907-1944 Source: CDSG Battery Russell Plan Current Status In good condition and open to the public. No guns or carriages in place. Location: On Fort Stevens, Clatsop County, Oregon. Maps & Images Lat: 46.192502 Long: -123.975348 Multi Maps from ACME Maps from Bing Maps from Google Elevation: 69' GPS Locations: 46.192502, -123.975348 Battery Russell 46.192753, -123.975429 Gun Emplacement #1 46.192365, -123.975424 Gun Emplacement #2 Sources: Hanft, Marshall, Fort Stevens: Oregon's defender at the river of the West, Your Town Press, 1980, page 213-226 Glenn, Susan L., Images of America: Fort Stevens, Arcadia Publishing, 2008, 128 pages, ISBN 978-0738559339, page 125 U.S.Army, Supplement to the Harbor Defense Project Harbor Defenses of the Columbia, (CCA-AN-CR), 12 Aug 1946, CDSG Links: CDSG Fortification ID: OR0141 - Battery Russell Visited: 13 Jul 2023, 18 May 2008 Picture Gallery Battery Russell Gun Gun Emplacement Upper Deck and Gun Emplacement Control Post Control Post Interior Officers Room Lower Walkway Interior Room Interior Rooms & Stairs to Gun Emplacement Interior Room