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| [[Category:Forts]]
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| <googlemap lat="37.857507" lon="-93.779297" zoom="4" type="map" width="800" height="400" scale="yes" overview="no" controls="large" icons="http://www.fortwiki.com/mapicons/icon{label}.png">
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| (F) 41.478811, -71.337876, [[Fort Adams]]<br>(1793-1946)
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| (F) 37.836513, -122.479019, [[Fort Baker]]<br>(1897-199?)
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| (F) 46.207124, -123.967141, [[Fort Stevens]]<br>(1865-1947)
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| (F) 46.278602, -124.053326, [[Fort Canby]]<br>(1852-1947)
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| (F) 48.16241, -122.67995, [[Fort Casey]]<br>(1900-1950)
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| (F) 46.252546, -123.92047, [[Fort Columbia]]<br>(1896-1947)
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| (F) 32.685114, -117.237124, [[Fort Rosecrans]]<br>(1852-1959)
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| (F) 48.133659, -122.765973, [[Fort Worden]]<br>(1897-1953)
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| (F) 40.80525, -73.791561, [[Fort Schuyler]]<br>(1833-1934)
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| (F) 40.794676, -73.778687, [[Fort Totten (3)]]<br>(1862-1995)
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| (F) 32.759382, -79.857666, [[Fort Moultrie]]<br>(1776-1947)
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| (F) 32.751944, -79.874722, [[Fort Sumter]]<br>(1842-1947)
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| (F) 24.547884, -81.810207, [[Fort Taylor (2)]]<br>(1861-1947)
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| (F) 32.027222, -80.890278, [[Fort Pulaski]]<br>(1829-1903)
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| </googlemap>
| | {{FortPeriodList}} |
| == Endicott Period Forts (1890-1910) ==
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| In 1885 US President Grover Cleveland appointed a joint army, navy and civilian board, headed by Secretary of War [[William C. Endicott]], known as the Board of Fortifications. The findings of the board illustrated a grim picture of existing defenses in its 1886 report and recommended a massive $127 million construction program of breech-loading cannons, mortars, floating batteries, and submarine mines for some 29 locations on the US coastline.
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| Prior efforts at harbor defense construction had ceased in the 1870s. Since that time the design and construction of heavy ordnance advanced rapidly, including the development of superior breech-loading and longer-ranged cannon, making the US harbor defenses obsolete. In 1883, the navy had begun a new construction program with an emphasis on offensive rather than defensive warships. These factors combined to create a need for improved coastal defense systems.
| | See [[Endicott Period]] |
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| The Endicott Board's recommendations would lead to a large scale modernization program of harbor and coastal defenses in the United States, especially the construction of modern reinforced concrete fortifications and the installation of large caliber breech-loading artillery and mortar batteries. Typically, Endicott period projects were not fortresses, but a system of well-dispersed emplacements with few but large guns in each location. The structures were usually open-topped concrete walls protected by sloped earthworks. Many of these featured disappearing guns, which sat protected behind the walls, but could be raised to fire. Mine fields were a critical component of the defense, and smaller guns were also employed to protect the mine fields from mine sweeping vessels.
| | {{DEFAULTSORT:Endicott Period Forts}} |
| | | [[Category:All]] |
| '''Source:'''
| | [[Category:Forts]] |
| * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seacoast_Defense_(US) Endicott Period]
| | [[Category:Coastal Forts]] |
| | [[Category:Browse|*]] |